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}} |image=Zhao Ziyang (1985).jpg |imagesize= |caption= |nationality=Chinese |order=General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China |term_start=1 November 1987 |term_end=23 June 1989 |president=Li Xiannian Yang Shangkun |premier=Li Peng |predecessor=Hu Yaobang |successor=Jiang Zemin |order1=Premier of the People's Republic of China |president1=Li Xiannian |term_start1=10 September 1980 |term_end1=24 November 1987 |deputy1=Deng Xiaoping Wan Li |predecessor1=Hua Guofeng |successor1=Li Peng |birth_date= |birth_place= Hua County, Henan |death_date= |death_place= Beijing, People's Republic of China |death_cause Stroke |restingplace = Zhao's family residence in Beijing |spouse=Liang Boqi |children=Zhao Daijun (eldest son) Zhao Erjun (second son) Zhao Sanjun (third son) Zhao Sijun (fourth son) Zhao Liang (daughter) Zhao Wujun (fifth son) |party=Communist Party of China |signature= Zhao Ziyang Sign.png |footnotes = ---- }} Zhao Ziyang (pronounced ; 17 October 1919 – 17 January 2005) was a high-ranking politician in China. He was the third Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1980 to 1987, Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1981 to 1982 and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1987 to 1989. As a senior government official, Zhao was critical of Maoist policies and instrumental in implementing free-market reforms, first in Sichuan, subsequently nationwide. He emerged on the national scene due to support from Deng Xiaoping after the Cultural Revolution. He also sought measures to streamline China's bureaucracy and fight corruption, issues that challenged the Party's legitimacy in the 1980s. Zhao Ziyang was also an advocate of the privatization of state-owned enterprises, the separation of the Party and the state, and general market economic reforms. Many of these views were shared by then-general secretary Hu Yaobang.〔Economic Reform in China By James A. Dorn, Xi Wang, Wang Xi〕 His economic reform policies and sympathies to student demonstrators during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 placed him at odds with some members of the party leadership, including Premier Li Peng, former President Li Xiannian and Party elder Chen Yun. Zhao also began to lose favour with paramount leader Deng Xiaoping. In the aftermath of the events, Zhao was purged politically and effectively placed under house arrest for the next 15 years. In 2005, he died from a stroke in Beijing. Because of his political fall from grace, he was not given the funeral rites generally accorded to senior Chinese officials. His unofficial autobiography was published in English and in Chinese in 2009, but the details of his life remain censored inside mainland China. ==Early career== Zhao was born Zhao Xiuye (), but changed his given name to "Ziyang" while attending middle school in Wuhan.〔(武汉市第十四中学校友赵紫阳 )〕 He was the son of a wealthy landlord in Hua County,〔http://www.xzqh.org/QUHUA/41hn/0526hx.htm〕 Henan, who was later murdered by Communist Party officials during a land reform movement in the early 1940s.〔Becker, Jasper. ("Zhao Ziyang: Chinese Leader Who 'Came too Late' to Tiananmen Square" ). ''The Independent''. 18 January 2005. Retrieved 18 September 2011.〕 Zhao joined the Communist Youth League in 1932,〔NewropMag. ("China: Zhao Ziyang has died!" ) ''Newrop Mag''. 25 January 2005. Retrieved 10 September 2011.〕 and became a full member of the Party in 1938.〔 Unlike many Party members active in the 1930s and 1940s who later became senior Chinese leaders, Zhao joined the Party too late to have participated in the Long March of 1934–1935. He served in the People's Liberation Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the subsequent civil war, but his posts were largely administrative.〔 Zhao's career was not especially notable before he emerged as a Party leader in Guangdong in the early 1950s.〔 Zhao rose to prominence in Guangdong from 1951,〔 initially following a ruthless ultra-leftist, Tao Zhu, who was notable for his heavy-handed efforts to force local peasants into living and working in "People's Communes". When Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward (1958–1961) created an artificial famine, Mao publicly blamed the nation's food shortages on the greed of rich peasants, who were supposedly hiding China's huge surplus production from the government. Zhao's faith in Mao led him to take a leading role in a local campaign aimed at torturing peasants into revealing their imaginary food supplies. Through supporting the Great Leap Forward, Zhao was partially responsible for the millions of people who died from starvation and malnutrition in Guangdong between 1958 and 1961.〔 Zhao's experiences during the Great Leap Forward led him to support moderate political and economic policies, including those supported by Deng Xiaoping and President Liu Shaoqi. He led efforts to re-introduce limited amounts of private agriculture and commerce, and dismantled the People's Communes.〔 Zhao's methods of returning private plots to farmers and assigning production contracts to individual households were replicated in other parts of China, helping the country's agricultural sector recover.〔 After achieving senior positions in Guangdong, Zhao directed a harsh purge of cadres accused of corruption or having ties to the Kuomintang.〔 By 1965 Zhao was the Party secretary of Guangdong province, despite not being a member of the Communist Party Central Committee. He was forty-six at the time that he first became Party secretary, a notably young age to hold such a prestigious position.〔Ignatius, Adi. "Preface". In Zhao Ziyang. ''Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Zhao Ziyang''. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. 2009. ISBN 1-4391-4938-0. p.xii.〕 Because of his moderate political orientation, Zhao was attacked by Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). He was dismissed from all official positions in 1967, after which he was paraded through Guangzhou in a dunce cap〔 and publicly denounced as "a stinking remnant of the landlord class".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zhao Ziyang」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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